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Ionospheric map
Ionospheric Map
A feature of the ionosphere is its ability to reflect radio waves. However, only radio waves within a certain frequency range will be reflected and this range varies with a number of factors. The most widely used instrument for ionospheric measurement is the ionosonde. The ionosonde is essentially a high frequency radar which sends short pulses of radio energy into the ionosphere. If the radio frequency is not too high, the pulses are reflected back to earth. The ionosonde records the time delay between transmission and reception of the pulses. By varying the frequency of the pulses (typically 1-22MHz), a record is obtained of the time delay at different frequencies. This record is referred to as an ionogram. The highest (see note) frequency which the ionosphere will reflect vertically is called foF2. These foF2 measurements from various sites can be used to create a map of foF2. The data used to produce the map of the USA region are from USAF observing sites and obtained from Space Environment Centre, Boulder Colorado. The above map can be used as a guide to NVIS ionospheric frequency support. Map is updated at approximately 40 minutes past the hour. Note: The geomagnetic field splits a radio wave in the ionosphere into two separate components, termed the ordinary(o) and extraordinary(x) waves. It is the o-wave which is routinely scaled from ionograms. The data presented in this page are experimental, and are derived from the automated interpretation of regional ionograms.
Lightening
Lightening Map
Vaisala Lightning Explorer displays recent lightning activity across the entire continental U.S The lightning data displayed is 20 minutes delayed and updated every 20 minutes.
KD8FDF Stream
kd8fdf's receiving station is in W. Virginia. He has a dipole antenna.
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LINKS
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Ham Radio Recordings from Trish/k4ze stationQRZ Lookup CallsignsEham Learn About Ham Radio EquipmentArrl Amateur Radio Relay LeagueFCC Federal Communications CommissionGigaparts by ham radio suppliesAES Buy Transceivers and Radio EquipmentThe Wireman more amateur radio suppliesQTH swap and shopSpaceweatherGoogle APRSAmateur Radio NewslineHam Radio Listings Ebay for saleTake the Ham Exam Online Practice Tests
If you are new to all this, and really don't know much about the hobby of amateur radio, just for a moment,put away from your mind any preconceived ideas you may at the present time have about it. It is not just an "old man's" hobby...On the contrary. Oh sure there are some older hams, some as old as 84 years old, BUT you know a lot of hams live a long time, maybe this is the reason. But the ages range from something like age 12 on up. The average age is somewhere around 58 and mostly of the male persuasion though there are some women too but not enough.Eleven years ago I was just like you, I had no idea what this hobby consisted of. In the past, I have mostly been involved in music, writing, and recording. I can't tell you what a thrill it is to make those first contacts. Especially those far off stations like I talked to, 3y0x down at the south pole. And it never ends. It is Always a kick to get those great far reaching signal reports. The best way to describe it is comparable to catching that huge 4lb catfish for the first time. When it comes to antenna's and radio equipment, everybody has a different opinion . And what works for one may not work for another. I hope to be able in the future to add additional information here as I learn more and more info becomes available that will benefit the ham community. The more we get involved , the better.And the challenge of getting more young people involved is something worth undertaking too. I can appreciate good sounding audio. It doesn't have to be overly done to sound good and natural. that' is what I like. Too many hams like to turn up that compression to get the signal out there. But that sure can be aggravating when you are on the listening end of it. There just isn't any words to describe what all amateur radio entails, you just have to experience this for yourself. Hopefully with this site you will be able to make up your own mind about whether or not you want to get into this hobby or not.I really DO Love this hobby and I believe you will too. I believe there will always be a place for this great hobby.73 Trish-k4ze
Ham Radio Phonetics
Standard ITU Phonetics The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) phonetic alphabet is generally understood by hams in all countries. It is used when signing your call or passing information that must be spelled out. For example, K9IU should sign Kilo Nine India Uniform. A - AlfaB - BravoC - CharlieD - DeltaE - EchoF - FoxtrotG - GolfH - HotelI - IndiaJ - JuliettK - KiloL - LimaM - Mike N - NovemberO - OscarP - PapaQ - QuebecR - RomeoS - SierraT - TangoU - UniformV - VictorW - WhiskeyX - X-RayY - YankeeZ - Zulu
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BAND PLANS
Band Plans Calling Frequencies
Originally QRP was sent in Morse Code to quickly communicate that a station was using Reduced Power. Over the many years since that time it has come to generally mean "very-low-power," rather than "reduced power." Of course, "reduced" and "very-low" are both relative descriptions. One person's concept of very-low-power may be relatively high-power to another. Even so, among Radio Amateurs, QRP now is generally understood to mean a CW transmitter with 5-watts or less RF power output or SSB transmitter with 10-watts or less RF peak-envelope-power output.Calling Frequencies Commonly Used byVery-Low-Power Amateur Radio StationsSpectrumRegion Band Name Calling Frequency ModeMF 160 Meters 1810 kHz CWMF 160 Meters 1818 kHz CWMF 160 Meters 1843 kHz SSB EuropeMF 160 Meters 1910 kHz LSBHF 80 Meters 3560 kHz CWHF 80 Meters 3690 kHz SSB EuropeHF 80 Meters 3710 kHz (Novice) CWHF 80 Meters 3711 kHz (Novice) CWHF 75 Meters 3985 kHz LSBHF 40 Meters 7040 kHz CWHF 40 Meters 7090 kHz SSB EuropeHF 40 Meters 7110 kHz (Novice) CWHF 40 Meters 7286 kHz LSBHF 30 Meters 10106 kHz CWHF 30 Meters 10116 kHz CWHF 20 Meters 14060 kHz CWHF 20 Meters 14285 kHz USBHF 17 Meters 18069 kHz CWHF 17 Meters 18096 kHz CWHF 17 Meters 18130 kHz USBHF 15 Meters 21060 kHz CWHF 15 Meters 21110 kHz (Novice) CWHF 15 Meters 21285 kHz SSB EuropeHF 15 Meters 21385 kHz USBHF 12 Meters 24906 kHz CWHF 12 Meters 24956 kHz USBHF 10 Meters 28060 kHz CWHF 10 Meters 28110 kHz (Novice) CWHF 10 Meters 28360 kHz SSB EuropeHF 10 Meters 28885 kHz USBVHF 2 Meters 144060 kHz CWVHF 2 Meters 144285 kHz SSBEach Amateur Radio Band above is divided into sub-bands where various modes of communication, transmitting power limits, and license requirements apply. See the American Radio Relay League (ARRL) US Amateur Radio Frequency Allocations page for more detail.160-Meter Amateur Radio Band ARRL Recommended Allocations1800-1830 kHz CW, RTTY and other narrowband modes1830-1840 kHz CW, RTTY and other narrowband modes. Intercontinental QSOs only1840-1850 kHz CW, SSB, SSTV, other wideband modes. Intercontinental QSOs only1850-2000 kHz CW, phone, SSTV and other wideband modes80-Meter Amateur Radio Band ARRL Recommended Allocations3590 kHz RTTY DX3580-3620 kHz RTTY3620-3635 kHz Packet3790-3800 kHz DX window3845 kHz SSTV3885 kHz AM calling frequency60-Meter Amateur Radio Band FCC Allocations5332 kHz 5330.5 kHz Amateur Tuning Frequency5348 kHz 5346.5 kHz Amateur Tuning Frequency5368 kHz 5366.5 kHz Amateur Tuning Frequency5373 kHz 5371.5 kHz Amateur Tuning Frequency5405 kHz (US & UK) 5403.5 kHz Amateur Tuning Frequency40-Meter Amateur Radio Band ARRL Recommended Allocations7040 kHz RTTY DX7080-7.100 kHz RTTY7171 kHz SSTV7290 kHz AM calling frequency30-Meter Amateur Radio Band ARRL Recommended Allocations10130-10140 kHz RTTY10140-10150 kHz Packet20-Meter Amateur Radio Band ARRL Recommended Allocations14070-14095 kHz RTTY14095-14099.5 kHz Packet14100 kHz NCDXF Beacons14100.5-14112 kHz Packet14230 kHz SSTV14286 kHz AM calling frequency17-Meter Amateur Radio Band ARRL Recommended Allocations18100-18105 kHz RTTY18105-18110 kHz Packet15-Meter Amateur Radio Band ARRL Recommended Allocations21070-21100 kHz RTTY21100-21110 kHz Packet21340 kHz SSTV12-Meter Amateur Radio Band ARRL Recommended Allocations24920-24925 kHz RTTY24925-24930 kHz Packet10-Meter Amateur Radio Band ARRL Recommended Allocations28000-28070 kHz CW28070-28150 kHz RTTY28150-28190 kHz CW28200-28300 kHz Beacons28300-29300 kHz Phone28680 kHz SSTV29000-29200 kHz AM29300-29510 kHz Satellite Downlinks29520-29590 kHz Repeater Inputs29600 kHz FM Simplex29610-29700 kHz Repeater Outputs2-Meter Amateur Radio Band ARRL Recommended Allocations144000-144050 kHz EME (CW)144050-144100 kHz General CW and weak signals144100-144200 kHz EME and weak-signal SSB144200 kHz National calling frequency144200-144275 kHz General SSB operation144275-144300 kHz Propagation beacons144300-144500 kHz New OSCAR sub-band144500-144600 kHz Linear translator inputs144600-144900 kHz FM repeater inputs144900-145100 kHz Weak signal and FM simplex (145010, 30, 50, 70, 90 are widely used for packet)145100-145200 kHz Linear translator outputs145200-145500 kHz FM repeater outputs145500-145800 kHz Miscellaneous and experimental modes145800-146000 kHz OSCAR sub-band146001-146370 kHz Repeater inputs146400-146580 kHz Simplex146610-146970 kHz Repeater outputs147000-147390 kHz Repeater outputs147420-147570 kHz Simplex147600-147990 kHz Repeater inputsThe Radio SpectrumWhat is the radio spectrum and what does it contain?Radio transmissions are regulated in the United States by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA). The FCC is an independent regulatory agency which administers spectrum for non-Federal Government use. The NTIA is an operating unit of the Department of Commerce which administers spectrum for Federal Government use.The FCC and NTIA arbitrarily define that the radio spectrum in the United States is that part of the natural spectrum of electromagnetic radiation lying between the frequency limits of 9 kilohertz and 300 gigahertz. That is a merely legal definition for regulatory purposes. There is no scientific reason that radio transmissions cannot be made at lower or higher frequencies, although there are serious technical problems associated with using lower or higher frequencies in most practical radio applications at the current state of the art.The electromagnetic spectrum is divided various ways into many individually-named sub-spectrums. The following names are commonly used to identify some of the lower portions:3 kHz to 30 kHz Very Low Frequencies (VLF)30 kHz to 300 kHz Low Frequencies (LF)300 kHz to 3,000 kHz Medium Frequencies (MF)3,000 kHz to 30,000 kHz High Frequencies (HF)30,000 kHz to 300,000 kHz Very High Frequencies (VHF)300,000 kHz to 3,000,000 kHz Ultra High Frequencies (UHF)Those named portions are all within the larger portion arbitrarily defined for regulatory purposes as the radio spectrum, except for the small 6 kHz portion from 3 kHz to 9 kHz. Each of the portions above are further subdivided into many other sub-portions or "bands." For example, the American AM Broadcast Band extends from 535 kHz to 1705 kHz, which is within the portion known as Medium Frequencies. AM Broadcast Band stations are therefore Medium Frequency stations, but not all Medium Frequency stations transmit within the AM Broadcast Band.Examples of other named "bands" are the Amateur Radio Bands, Citizen Band, and International Broadcast Bands. Those bands are named by their approximate wavelengths (although some have more than one name). Band frequency limits vary to some extent in different countries, but many are the same or similar. They also are subject to regulatory changes from time-to-time.* Amateur U.S. Amateur Radio Bands* Amateur QRP Frequencies Used by Very-Low-Power Amateur Radio Stations* Aviation Aviation Radio Bands and Frequencies* Broadcast Broadcast Radio Bands* Citizen U.S. Citizen Radio Band* Receivable Frequency Spectrum that can be Received by the Salt Lake City ReceiverAviation Radio Bands and FrequenciesA large number of aviation frequencies can be received by the Kenwood R-5000 receiver at this website.Types of Aviation Radio Signals Some aviation signals can be classified as being purely for navigation (NAV) or communication (COM), but others are used for both. For example, some aircraft navigation beacons and VHF Omnirange (VOR) navigation stations also transmit voice communications.The Low Frequency (LF) Aviation BandLow frequencies were very important to air navigation years ago, but became increasingly less important as more reliable systems operating at higher frequencies were developed and became widely available. Many Low Frequency navigation beacons were decommissioned long ago because of that. The few that remain primarily provide backup navigation in the event of primary navigation system failures, although some are used routinely even today in the execution of instrument landings.Long ago, before VHF Omnirange (VOR) and other superior navigation systems were developed, that band contained AN Radio Ranges and Non-Directional Beacons (NDB's). 344 AN Radio Ranges still existed in the United States in 1959, but none exist today. Some NDB's are all that remain.The Low Frequency (LF) aviation band extends from 200 kHz to 415 kHz with some internal gaps assigned to other services. The entire Low Frequency (LF) aviation band can be received by the receiver at this website.Medium Frequency Aviation Band UsageThe only portion of the Medium Frequency spectrum allocated for aviation use is the 2850 to 3000 kHz portion of the 2850 to 3155 kHz Aviation Band. However, most aircraft are equipped with radio direction finders than can receive Medium Frequency AM Broadcast Band.High Frequency (HF) Aviation BandsHigh Frequencies were widely used for domestic aircraft voice communications years ago. Nearly all that traffic moved to Very High Frequencies long ago and domestic aircraft use of Medium Frequencies is now very rare. However, international flights still use the High Frequencies bands routinely for voice communications, because of the much longer distances over which they can be used. All these frequencies can be received by the receiver at this website.High Frequency Aviation BandsFrequency Band Allocation Lebanon TN. Receiver Receivable2850- 3155 kHz Aviation (2850 to 3000 portion is MF) 3400- 3500 kHz Aviation SSB (3 KHz Channel spacing)4650- 4750 kHz Aviation5450- 5730 kHz Aviation SSB (3 KHz Channel spacing)6525- 6765 kHz Aviation 8815- 9040 kHz Aviation USB (3 KHz Channel spacing) 10005- 10100 kHz Aviation 11175- 11400 kHz Aviation USB (3 KHz Channel spacing)13200- 13360 kHz Aviation SSB (3 KHz Channel spacing) 15010- 15100 kHz Aviation 17900- 18030 kHz Aviation 20005- 21000 kHz Aviation & International 21850- 22000 kHz Aviation 21964 kHz Aviation SSB Aviation Pacific 22720- 23200 kHz Fixed Aviation & International 23200- 23350 kHz Aviation 23350- 24890 kHz Fixed Aviation & International Very High Frequency (VHF) Civil Aviation BandThe VHF Civil Aviation Band extends from 108 to 136 MHz with the allocations shown below.The VHF 108 to 136 MHz Civil Aviation BandFrequencies Allocation LTR Receiver108.000- 112.000 MHz Aviation Terminal VOR and ILS Navigation (80 Channels)112.000- 117.950 MHz Aviation VOR Navigation (120 Channels) 118.000 MHZ- 136.000 MHz Aviation Communication (720 Channels) 121.500 MHz Aviation Distress 121.600 MHz Civil Air Patrol (Authorized use only) 121.700 MHz Aviation Ground Control 118.000- 121.400 MHz Air Traffic Control (Towers and ARTCC's) 121.600 MHz Civil Air Patrol Training Beacons 121.650 MHz Aviation Ground Control 121.700 MHz Aviation Ground Control 121.750 MHz Aviation Ground Control 121.775 MHz Civil Air Patrol Training Beacons 121.800 MHz Aviation Ground Control 121.850 MHz Aviation Ground Control 121.900 MHz Aviation Ground Control 121.900 MHz Flight Schools 121.957 MHz Flight Service Stations 122.000 MHz Flight Advisory Service 122.025-122.675 MHz Flight Service Stations 122.250 MHz Balloons 122.400 MHz Flight Service Stations 122.600 MHz Flight Service Stations 122.700 MHz Aviation UNICOM Uncontrolled Airports 122.725 MHz Aviation UNICOM Private Airports 122.750 MHz Aviation Air to Air Communications 122.775 MHz Air Shows & Air-to-air Communications 122.800 MHz Aviation UNICOM Uncontrolled Airports 122.825 MHz ARINC 122.850 MHz Aviation Multicom 122.875 MHz ARINC 122.900 MHz Aviation UNICOM Uncontrolled Airports and Search and Rescue Training 122.925 MHz Aviation UNICOM/Multicom/Air Shows 122.950 MHz Aviation UNICOM Controlled Airports 122.975 MHz Aviation UNICOM 122.975 MHz Airplane to Airplane (high altitude airliners)123.000 MHz Aviation UNICOM 123.050 MHz Aviation UNICOM 123.050 MHz Aviation Heliports 123.075 MHz Aviation UNICOM 123.075 MHz Aviation Heliports 123.000 MHz Aviation UNICOM Uncontrolled airports 123.025 MHz Helicopters Air-to-air Communications 123.050 MHz Aviation UNICO Heliports 123.075 MHz Aviation UNICOM Heliports 123.100 MHz Search and Rescue/Civil Air Patrol 123.125- 123.476 MHz Flight Test 123.200 MHz Flight Schools 123.300 MHz Flight Schools & Balloons 123.325 MHz Air Shows 123.350 MHz NASA 123.400 MHz Flight Schools 123.425 MHz Air Shows 123.450 MHz Air to Air (trans-ocean unofficial) 123.475 MHz U.S. Army Golden Knights 123.500 MHz Flight Schools & Balloons 123.525- 123.575 MHz Flight testing 123.600- 128.800 MHz Air Traffic Control (Towers/ARTCC's) 126.200 MHz Military Airport Towers 128.625 MHz NASA/NOAA Research 128.825- 132.000 MHz ARINC 130.650 MHz Military Airlift Command 134.100 MHz Military Airports - Ground Control Approach (GCA) Radar 135.850 MHz Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) 135,950 MHz Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Other Aviation-Related VHF FrequenciesFrequency Allocation LTR Receiver136.000- 136.975 MHz Air Control/Unicom/Future Use 148.125 MHz Civil Air Patrol Repeaters - Secondary 148.150 MHz Civil Air Patrol Repeaters - Primary 156.300 MHz Aircraft-to-Ship - Safety 156.400 MHz Aircraft-to-Ship - Commercial 156.425 MHz Aircraft-to-Ship - Non-Commercial 156.450 MHz Aircraft-to-Ship - Commercial 156.625 MHz Aircraft-to-Ship - Non-Commercial 156.690 MHz Aircraft-to-Ship - Commercial
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